Causal methods

Conservation frontiers: understanding the geographic expansion of conservation
Land-use frontiers, such as agriculture expanding into forests, remain a major driver of biodiversity loss, and often lead to …
DOI
Human disturbance is the most limiting factor driving habitat selection of a large carnivore throughout Continental Europe
Habitat selection is a multi-scale process driven by trade-offs between benefits, such as resource abundance, and disadvantages, such …
DOI
Toward Causal Inference for Spatio-Temporal Data: Conflict and Forest Loss in Colombia
How does armed conflict influence tropical forest loss? For Colombia, both enhancing and reducing effect estimates have been reported. …
DOI
Integrated framework for stakeholder participation: Methods and tools for identifying and addressing human–wildlife conflicts
As wild areas disappear and agricultural lands expand, understanding how people and wildlife can coexist becomes increasingly …
DOI
Framing the search for a theory of land use
Land system science and affiliated research linked to sustainability require improved understanding and theorization of land and its …
DOI
Identifying priority areas for restoring mountain ungulates in the Caucasus ecoregion
Mountain ungulates around the world have been decimated to small, fragmented populations. Restoring these species often is limited by …
DOI
Conservation Telecouplings
Local threats to biodiversity are increasingly caused by distal drivers. Likewise, conservation responses are increasingly shaped by …
DOI
Mapping Land System Archetypes to Understand Drivers of Ecosystem Service Risks
Land system archetypes are unique patterns of land-use intensity within prevailing environmental and socio-economic conditions that …
DOI
Archetypical patterns and trajectories of land systems in Europe
Assessments of land-system change have dominantly focused on conversions among broad land-use categories, whereas intensity changes …
DOI
Drivers of agricultural land-use change in the Argentine Pampas and Chaco regions
Agricultural expansion and intensification in South America’s dry forests and grasslands increase agricultural production, but …
DOI